Air data probes

ABSTRACT

An air data probe includes a probe head defining a longitudinal axis between a forward tip and aft base. A port opening is defined in a side of the probe head and opening at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. A bulkhead within the probe head has a chamber in fluid communication with the port opening. The chamber includes a single chamber inlet having an elongated cross-sectional shape. The single elongated chamber inlet is in fluid communication with two downstream pressure conduits to provide redundancy in case one of the two pressure conduits is blocked.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/298,569 filed on Mar. 11, 2019, which is a divisional application ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/067,650 filed on Mar. 11, 2016,which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.62/137,080, filed Mar. 23, 2015. All of the above referencedapplications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to air data probes, and more particularlyto moisture resistant and tolerant air data probes.

2. Description of Related Art

A variety of air data probe devices are known in the art for aircraftflight control. Of such devices, many are directed to measuring pitotpressure, static pressure, local angle of attack pressures, and angle ofsideslip pressures as parameters for calculating pressure altitude,altitude rate, airspeed, Mach number, angle of attack, and angle ofsideslip. Air data probes can also provide data for secondary purposesincluding engine control, artificial feel, cabin pressure differential,and more.

During atmospheric moisture conditions, it is possible for air dataprobes to have pressure sensing measurement errors or spikes due tomoisture being present within chambers and conduits of the air dataprobe. Such moisture includes solid and liquid moisture. During groundoperation and in flight, atmospheric moisture can accumulate around andin pressure measuring ports, conduits and chambers, potentially causingmenisci to develop which affect the accuracy of the sensed pressures,and therefore affect the accuracy of the determined air speed, altitude,or other measured fluid dynamic characteristic.

Such conventional methods and systems generally have been consideredsatisfactory for their intended purpose. However, as rain and iceregulations become increasingly strict, and an increasing number ofaircraft with fly-by-wire flight controls are being used, tolerance forintermittent pressure spikes, sometimes caused by ingested water, isdecreasing. As such, there remains an ever present need to advance thestate of the art for reducing errors due to moisture ingestion and forreducing moisture ingestion all together within air data probes. Thepresent invention provides a solution for these needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An air data probe includes a probe head defining a longitudinal axisbetween a forward tip and aft base. The probe includes a thermocouplehaving a sense end in the forward tip to measure the temperature in theforward tip.

It is contemplated that the probe can include a bulkhead within theforward tip of the probe head for holding the sense end of thethermocouple. A strut can extend from the aft base of the probe head.The thermocouple can extend from the forward tip of the probe head to abase of the strut and can terminate in a thermocouple connector.

In another embodiment, a method of assembling the heater andthermocouples for an air data probe includes winding a wire heateraround a first mandrel to form a wound heater coil.

The method includes removing the first mandrel from the wound heatercoil and inserting a second mandrel within the wound heater coil. Thesecond mandrel includes guides for positioning the wound heater coil.The method includes winding a thermocouple around the second mandrelbetween coils of the wound heater coil to form a wound thermocouplecoil, and removing the second mandrel from the wound heater coil and thewound thermocouple coil.

An air data probe includes a probe head defining a longitudinal axisbetween a forward tip and aft base. A port opening is defined in theforward tip. A first conduit is in fluid communication with the portopening to guide fluid flow from the port opening to a first chamber.The first chamber is downstream from the port opening. A second conduit,offset radially and circumferentially from the first conduit, is influid communication with the first chamber to guide fluid flow from thefirst chamber to a second chamber. The second chamber is downstream fromthe first chamber. The offset between the first and second conduits isconfigured to prevent particle ingestion from the port opening fromentering the second conduit.

In accordance with some embodiments, a static conduit is in fluidcommunication with a static chamber. The static chamber can be upstreamfrom the first chamber. The static conduit can direct flow from thestatic chamber through the first chamber. The static conduit can besigmoidal shaped between an outlet of the first conduit and an inlet ofthe second conduit within the first chamber to block a direct pathwaybetween the outlet of the first conduit and the inlet of the secondconduit.

In another embodiment, an air data probe includes a probe head defininga longitudinal axis between a forward tip and aft base. The probeincludes a port opening defined in a side of the probe head and openingat an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis. The probe includes abulkhead within the probe head. The bulkhead has a chamber in fluidcommunication with the port opening. The chamber includes a singlechamber inlet having an elongated cross-sectional shape. The singleelongated chamber inlet is in fluid communication with two downstreampressure conduits to provide redundancy in case one of the two pressureconduits is blocked.

In yet another embodiment, an air data probe includes a probe headdefining a longitudinal axis between a forward tip and aft base. Theprobe head includes a port opening defined in a side of the probe headand opening at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis, and abulkhead within the forward tip of the probe head. The bulkhead includesa chamber inlet in fluid communication with the port opening. Thechamber inlet is operatively connected to a downstream pressure conduithaving an elongated cross-sectional shape to resist formation of menisciin the downstream pressure conduit.

In accordance with some embodiments, the chamber inlet and thedownstream pressure conduit are integrally formed as part of thebulkhead. The probe can include a capillary tube nested within thedownstream pressure conduit and abutting an inner surface of thedownstream pressure conduit to gather moisture entering the portopening. The capillary tube can be integrally formed with the chamberinlet and the downstream pressure conduit as part of the bulkhead. Aninner surface of the downstream pressure conduit can include raisedfeatures, and/or recessed features to gather moisture entering the portopening.

An integrally formed bulkhead for an air data probe includes a bulkheadbody defining a longitudinal axis. The bulkhead body includes a firstchamber inlet and a first chamber. The first chamber is within thebulkhead body and is in fluid communication with the first chamberinlet. Inner walls of the first chamber inlet and the first chamber aresubstantially smooth and uninterrupted. An outer surface of the bulkheadbody includes a heater groove and a thermocouple groove. The bulkheadbody separates first and second chambers from the heater andthermocouple grooves.

These and other features of the systems and method of the subjectinvention will become more readily apparent to those skilled in the artfrom the following detailed description of the preferred embodimentstaken in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that those skilled in the art to which the subject inventionappertains will readily understand how to make and use the devices andmethods of the subject invention without undue experimentation,preferred embodiments thereof will be described in detail herein belowwith reference to certain figures, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a side view of an exemplary embodiment of an air data probeconstructed in accordance with the present invention, showing the probehead and strut;

FIG. 2 a side view of the air data probe of FIG. 1 with a portion of theouter probe shell removed, showing the thermocouple and heater coils;

FIG. 3 a perspective view of the air data probe of FIG. 1 as viewed fromthe underside of the strut, showing the base of the strut with athermocouple connector;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart schematically depicting a method for assemblingheater and thermocouple coils in accordance with the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the air data probe of FIG. 1 with aportion of the outer probe shell removed, and with the thermocouple andheater coils removed, showing first and second pressure conduits offsetcircumferentially and radially from one another;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged side view of the pressure conduits and bulkheadsof FIG. 5, showing a sigmoidal shaped static pressure conduit;

FIG. 7A is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of an airdata probe constructed in accordance with the present invention, showingthe outer probe shell;

FIG. 7B is a perspective view of a portion of the air data probe of FIG.7A constructed in accordance with the present invention, with a portionof the outer probe shell removed, showing a bulkhead having redundantpressure conduits;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of the bulkhead of FIG. 7A,showing a single elongated chamber inlet in pressure communication withtwo pressure conduits;

FIG. 9A is a perspective view of another exemplary embodiment of aportion of an air data probe constructed in accordance with the presentinvention, showing the outer probe shell;

FIG. 9B is a perspective view of a portion of the air data probe of FIG.9A, with a portion of the outer probe shell removed, showing elongatedpressure conduits;

FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of the bulkhead of FIG. 9A,showing elongated chamber outlets, each connected to a respectiveelongated pressure conduit;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a portion of the air data probe of FIG.9A, showing capillary tubes within the elongated pressure conduits;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a portion of another exemplaryembodiment of an air data probe constructed in accordance with thepresent invention, with a portion of the outer probe shell removed,showing an integrally formed bulkhead;

FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the integrally formed bulkhead ofFIG. 12 taken along the longitudinal axis, showing heater andthermocouple grooves;

FIG. 14A is a rear cross-sectional view of the integrally formedbulkhead of FIG. 12 taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis,showing the capillary tubes and elongated pressure conduits formedintegrally with the bulkhead; and

FIG. 14B is a rear cross-sectional view of the integrally formedbulkhead of FIG. 12 taken perpendicular to the longitudinal axis,showing the capillary tubes and elongated pressure conduits formedintegrally with the bulkhead.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Reference will now be made to the drawings wherein like referencenumerals identify similar structural features or aspects of the subjectinvention. For purposes of explanation and illustration, and notlimitation, a partial view of an exemplary embodiment of an air dataprobe in accordance with the invention is shown in FIG. 1 and isdesignated generally by reference character 100. Other embodiments ofair data probes in accordance with the invention or aspects thereof, areprovided in FIGS. 2-14B as will be described.

As shown in FIG. 1, an air data probe 100 includes a probe head 102defining a longitudinal axis A between a forward tip 104 and an aft base108. A strut 118 extends from aft base 108 of the probe head. Probe 100includes a thermocouple coil 110 having a sense end 112 in forward tip104 to measure the temperature near forward tip 104 for providing highlyaccurate and responsive temperature measurements that can becontinuously made at forward tip 104 of probe head 102 and withoutregard to the on/off state of a heater coil 124. A probe shell 114surrounds thermocouple coil 110. Probe 100 includes a bulkhead 116within forward tip 104 of probe head 102 for holding sense end 112 ofthermocouple coil 110. Thermocouple coil 110 extends from the forwardtip 104 of probe head 102 to a base 120 of strut 118 and is interlacedwith heater coil 124. Thermocouple coil 110 terminates in a hermeticallysealed can 123 below thermocouple connector 122. It is also contemplatedthat a dedicated tube for thermocouple coil 110 can be used, such thatit could be added after the bulk of manufacturing processes had beencompleted.

Furthermore, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate thatthermocouple coil 110 is included in air data probe 100 without takingany cross-sectional area away from internal pressure conduits, e.g.pressure conduits 128, 132, 138 and 331, described below, which shouldbe maximized to prevent meniscus formation due to ingested water. Italso does not take away any significant area of the cross-sectional areadevoted to the prevention of braze bridge formation duringmanufacturing.

Air data probe 100 provides improved heater control over traditionalheating mechanisms. Traditional heating mechanisms establish probetemperature based on the resistance of the heater element, similar toheater coil 124. Generally, the resistance of the heater element doesnot correspond well with temperature of the forward tip. It is insteadmore indicative of the average temperature along the compensatingportion of the heater. It also lags behind the tip temperature intransient conditions because the strut has a large thermal mass and lowpower density. The forward portion of the probe head experiences thehighest convection and moisture impingement of any area on the air dataprobe. Keeping this this area free of ice is an important factor toaerodynamic performance. The forward portion of the probe head musttherefore have a very high heater power density even though this areahas a low thermal mass. These factors result in very rapid temperaturechanges along the forward portion of the probe head during transientconditions, especially at the tip. The significant lag and limitedaccuracy of the temperature measurement in traditional air data probesresults in operating temperatures near the probe tip that are frequentlyfar in excess of the desired operating temperature resulting inaccelerated corrosion.

By sensing the temperature proximate to forward tip 104 withthermocouple coil 110, air data probe 100 provides more accuratetemperature readings, resulting in improved heater coil 124 control andavoiding unnecessary extreme temperature spikes. Improved heater coil124 control can lead to improved heater life, reduced delamination ofcertain types of braze materials, and reduced corrosion of the probehead and heater sheath. By reducing corrosion of probe heads 100aerodynamic performance loss, blockage of drain holes due to internalspalling, heater failures due to sheath perforation, aesthetic issues,and poor de-icing performance can all be reduced. It is contemplatedthat improved heater coil 124 control can provide a safety benefit formaintenance personnel by reducing maximum probe temperatures.

Furthermore, it is contemplated that thermocouple coil 110 for air dataprobe 100 can enable more advanced heater control algorithms that couldimprove heater life, reduce electrical power requirements in manyenvironments, or enable a boost mode in severe conditions. Accurateprobe tip temperature together with other air data parameters can permitair data probe 100 to sense when the probe is operating in rain or icingconditions, and/or to determine when probe 100 is on the verge of beingoverwhelmed by exceptionally severe icing or problems with heater coil124. Probe temperature measurements for air data probe 100 are notaffected by probe heater failure, like traditional resistance basedtemperature measurements would be. This permits detection of falseheater failure indications.

Now with reference to FIG. 4, a method 200 of assembling heater andthermocouple coils 124 and 110, respectively, for an air data probe 100includes winding a heater wire around a first mandrel to form a woundheater coil, as indicated by box 202. Method 200 includes removing thefirst mandrel from the wound heater coil and inserting a second smallermandrel within the wound heater coil, as indicated by boxes 204 and 206.The second mandrel includes guides for positioning the wound heater coiland holding it in the correct position. Method 200 includes winding athermocouple around the second mandrel between coils of the wound heatercoil to form a wound thermocouple coil, and removing the second mandrelfrom the wound heater coil and the would thermocouple coil, as indicatedby boxes 208 and 210. After the second mandrel is removed, bulkheads andpressure lines can be inserted. The resulting internal assembly is thenbrazed into the probe shell, e.g. probe shell 114. Those skilled in theart will readily appreciate that using two mandrels allows for theheater and the thermocouple to have different diameters so they both canbe at their optimal diameters.

As shown in FIG. 5, air data probe 100 includes a port opening 125,shown in FIG. 1, defined in the forward tip 104. A first conduit 128 isin fluid communication with port opening 125 to guide fluid flow fromport opening 125, e.g. pitot port opening 125, and pitot chamber 103, toa first chamber 130, e.g. a drain chamber, defined between two aftbulkheads 109. Drain chamber 130 is downstream from port opening 125. Asecond conduit 132, offset radially and circumferentially from firstconduit 128, is in fluid communication with drain chamber 130 to guidefluid flow from drain chamber 130 to a second chamber 134. Secondchamber 134 is downstream from drain chamber 130.

As shown in FIG. 6, a static conduit 138 is in fluid communication witha static chamber 136. Static chamber 136 is upstream from first chamber130. Static conduit 138 can direct flow from static chamber 136 throughfirst chamber 130. Static conduit 138 is sigmoidal shaped between anoutlet 140 of first conduit 140 and an inlet 142 of second conduit 132within first chamber 130 to block a direct pathway between outlet 140 ofthe first conduit 140 and inlet 142 of second conduit 132 and replacesit with geometry that causes ice crystals to separate inertially priorto reaching inlet 142 of second conduit 132, e.g. the aft pitot line.The offset between first and second conduits 128 and 132, respectively,and sigmoidal shaped static conduit 138 are configured to preventparticle ingestion from port opening 125 from entering second conduit132. The inertia of the particles causes them to scatter to the outerwall of the drain chamber 130 where they can be melted and removedthrough a drain hole.

When rain conditions are encountered, air data probes can also ingestsmall amounts of water through the angle of attack (AOA) ports, similarto ports 126, 326, 426, and 526, described below. This ingestion cancause meniscus formation within the traditional AOA ports, chambers,and/or pressure lines because of the narrow geometry of the internalpassages. Once a meniscus forms the water can be pulled deeper into theport and corresponding pressure line by the contraction of the airwithin the AOA pressure line as the probe is cooled by the rain event.This may lead to significant moisture within the pressure line. When therain event ends the probe temperature increases rapidly and causes theair in the pressure line to expand. The expanding air can then push themeniscus forward and back out through the AOA port. As the water isexpelled from the port a series of pressure spikes can occur.

With reference now to FIGS. 7A and 7B, another embodiment of an air dataprobe 300, similar to air data probe 100 has a probe head 302 with aforward tip 304 and an aft base (not shown). Probe 300 includes a portopening 326 defined in a side of probe head 302 opening at an angle withrespect to longitudinal axis A. Probe 300 includes a bulkhead 316,different from bulkhead 116, within probe head 302. Bulkhead 316 has achamber 315 in fluid communication with port opening 326.

As shown in FIG. 8, chamber 315 includes a single chamber inlet 317having an oval cross-sectional shape. Chamber inlet 317 can have avariety of suitable elongated shapes. The single oval chamber inlet 317is in fluid communication with two downstream pressure conduits 331,e.g. AOA pressure lines, to provide redundancy in case one of twopressure conduits 331 is blocked. To accommodate connection from chamber315 to conduits 331, bulkhead 316 includes two outlets 319 for chamber315. By placing the entrance to one of the pressure conduits 331 closerto port opening 326 and also arranging pressure conduits 331 such thatgravity also tends to pull moisture toward pressure conduit 331 that iscloser to port opening 326, the other pressure conduit 331, farther fromport opening 326, is more likely to remain free of water. Those skilledin the art will readily appreciate that with one pressure conduit 331open there is no closed system to pull in additional water when probe300 cools during the rain event or to force slugs of water out of probe300 when it heats up again after the rain event. The moisture containedin pressure conduit 331 would be gradually removed by a heater insteadof all at once thereby eliminating the pressure spikes seen withtraditional probes.

With reference now to FIGS. 9A and 9B, another embodiment of an air dataprobe 400, similar to air data probe 100 has a probe head 402 with aforward tip 404 and an aft base (not shown). Probe 400 includes a portopening 426 defined in a side of probe head 402 opening at an angle withrespect to longitudinal axis A. Probe 400 includes a bulkhead 416,different from bulkhead 116, within forward tip 404 probe head 402.Bulkhead 416 has a chamber 415 in fluid communication with port opening426 through a chamber inlet 417.

As shown in FIG. 10, chamber 415 includes single chamber inlet 417having an oval cross-sectional shape. Chamber inlet 417 can have avariety of suitable elongated shapes. Chamber inlet 417 is in fluidcommunication with a single downstream pressure conduit 431 having anoval cross-sectional shape to resist formation of menisci in downstreampressure conduit 431. Downstream pressure conduit 431 can have a varietyof suitable elongated cross-sectional shapes, such as elliptical,D-shaped or wedge shaped. Downstream pressure conduit 431 better usesthe existing space within an air data probe than traditional circularpressure conduits are able to, allowing for the usage of larger pressurelines, reducing meniscus formation. The elongation in one direction alsoreduces meniscus formation. Pressure conduits with a “D” shape orsimilar also tend to allow water to spread out in the sharp corners bycapillary action instead of immediately forming a meniscus. Pressureconduit 431 is optimally sized to be the largest that will fit withinthe probe head while maintaining necessary clearances. To accommodateconnection from chamber 415 to conduit 431, bulkhead 416 includes anelongated oval shaped outlet 419 for chamber 415.

With reference now to FIG. 11, probe 400 includes a capillary tube 421nested within downstream pressure conduit 431 and abutting an innersurface of the downstream pressure conduit to gather moisture enteringport opening 426, shown in FIG. 9A. By temporarily trapping water,capillary tube 421 prevents the moisture from forming a meniscus acrosspressure conduit 431. Capillary tube 421 can be recessed slightly intothe opening of larger pressure conduit 431, similar to the recess inFIG. 13, described below.

As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, another embodiment of an air data probe500, similar to air data probe 100 has a probe head 502 with a forwardtip 504 and an aft base 508. Instead of bulkheads 116, 316 or 416, airdata probe 500 includes an integrally formed bulkhead 516. Integrallyformed bulkhead 516 includes a bulkhead body 533 defining a bulkheadlongitudinal axis X, substantially co-axial with longitudinal axis A ofair data probe 500. An outer surface 529 of the bulkhead body includesheater and thermocouple grooves 535.

With continued reference to FIG. 13, integrally formed bulkhead 516defines three entire chambers, a pitot chamber 503 and two AOA chambers515, which are typically defined between two separate bulkheads, forexample, bulkhead 116 and an aft bulkhead 109 within probe head 302.Each AOA chamber 515 includes a chamber inlet 517 in fluid communicationbetween a port opening 526, similar to port openings 326 and 426,through a chamber inlet 517. A first chamber, e.g. pitot chamber 503, iswithin the bulkhead body and is in fluid communication with a firstchamber inlet 525. Bulkhead body 533 separates chambers, e.g. pitotchamber 503 and AOA chambers 515, from heater and thermocouple grooves535. Inner walls 527 of first chamber inlet 517 and first chamber 503are substantially smooth and uninterrupted because of the orientation ofthe heater and thermocouple grooves 535 on outer surface 529 of bulkheadbody 533. It is contemplated that integrally formed bulkhead 516 can bemanufactured using additive manufacturing processes, for example, DirectMetal Laser Sintering (DMLS).

It is also contemplated that integrally formed bulkhead 516 allows AOAchambers to be larger than in a typical probe head, thereby permittingAOA chambers 515 to also contain structures designed to temporarily trapand contain small amounts of water. As shown in FIG. 14A, each chamberinlet 517 and downstream pressure conduit 531 are integrally formed aspart of the bulkhead. Capillary tubes 521, similar to capillary tubes421, are also integrally formed within respective conduits 531.Capillary tube 521 is recessed slightly into the opening of largerpressure conduit 531, providing increased moisture trapping.

With reference to FIG. 14B, in addition to or instead of capillary tubes521, an inner surface 523 of downstream pressure conduit 531 can includeraised features 550, e.g. finned walls, and/or recessed features 552 togather moisture entering the port opening. Those skilled in the art willreadily appreciate that raised features 550 and recessed features 523can be achieved through additive manufacturing processes. It is alsocontemplated that there can be a porous material layer 551 on innersurface 523, or on an inner surface of chambers 515. Once the moistureis captured it can gradually be vaporized after the rain event by theheater coil. A brief period of on-ground heater operation during taxiwould also be sufficient to clear any moisture.

The embodiments disclosed herein can be used independently, or inconjunction with one another. Air data probes 100, 300, 400 and 500result in reduced ingestion and/or increased moisture tolerance overexisting air data probes.

The methods and systems of the present invention, as described above andshown in the drawings, provide for air data probes with superiorproperties including reducing and resisting moisture and the formationof menisci, and reducing pressure sensor errors associated therewith.While the apparatus and methods of the subject invention have been shownand described with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled inthe art will readily appreciate that changes and/or modifications may bemade thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the subjectinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An air data probe comprising: a probe headdefining a longitudinal axis between a forward tip and aft base; a portopening defined in a side of the probe head and opening at an angle withrespect to the longitudinal axis; and a bulkhead within the probe headhaving a chamber in fluid communication with the port opening, whereinthe chamber includes a single chamber inlet having an elongatedcross-sectional shape, and wherein the single elongated chamber inlet isin fluid communication with two downstream pressure conduits to provideredundancy in case one of the two pressure conduits is blocked.
 2. Anair data probe as recited in claim 1, further comprising a thermocouplehaving a sense end in the forward tip to measure the temperature in theforward tip.
 3. An air data probe as recited in claim 2, wherein thesense end of the thermocouple is held by the bulkhead.
 4. An air dataprobe as recited in claim 2, further comprising a strut extending fromthe aft base of the probe head, wherein the thermocouple extends fromthe forward tip of the probe head to a base of the strut and terminatesin a thermocouple connector.
 5. An air data probe as recited in claim 2,further comprising a heater coil positioned within the probe head,wherein the thermocouple includes a thermocouple coil, wherein windingsof the thermocouple coil are wound between windings of the heater coil.6. An air data probe as recited in claim 1, wherein the single chamberinlet and the two downstream pressure conduits are integrally formed aspart of the bulkhead.
 7. An air data probe as recited in claim 6,further comprising a capillary tube nested within at least one of thetwo downstream pressure conduits, wherein the capillary tube abuts aninner surface of at least one of the two downstream pressure conduits togather moisture entering the port opening, wherein the capillary tube isintegrally formed with the one chamber inlet and the two downstreampressure conduits as part of the bulkhead.
 8. An air data probe asrecited in claim 1, further comprising a respective capillary tubenested within at least one of the two downstream pressure conduits,wherein the respective capillary tube abuts an inner surface at leastone of the two downstream pressure conduits to gather moisture enteringthe port opening.
 9. An air data probe as recited in claim 1, wherein aninner surface of at least one of the two downstream pressure conduitsincludes raised features to gather moisture entering the port opening.10. An air data probe as recited in claim 1, wherein an inner surface ofat least one of the two downstream pressure conduits includes at leastone of recessed features or a porous material to gather moistureentering the port opening.
 11. An air data probe comprising: a probehead defining a longitudinal axis between a forward tip and aft base; aport opening defined in a side of the probe head and opening at an anglewith respect to the longitudinal axis; and a bulkhead within the forwardtip of the probe head having a chamber inlet in fluid communication withthe port opening, wherein the chamber inlet is operatively connected toa downstream pressure conduit having an elongated cross-sectional shapeto resist formation of menisci in the downstream pressure conduit. 12.An air data probe as recited in claim 11, wherein the chamber inlet andthe downstream pressure conduit are integrally formed as part of thebulkhead.
 13. An air data probe as recited in claim 12, furthercomprising a capillary tube nested within the downstream pressureconduit and abutting an inner surface of the downstream pressure conduitto gather moisture entering the port opening, wherein the capillary tubeis integrally formed with the chamber inlet and the downstream pressureconduit as part of the bulkhead.
 14. An air data probe as recited inclaim 12, wherein an inner surface of the downstream pressure conduitincludes raised features to gather moisture entering the port opening.15. An air data probe as recited in claim 12, wherein an inner surfaceof the downstream pressure conduit includes at least one of recessedfeatures or a porous material to gather moisture entering the portopening.
 16. An air data probe as recited in claim 11, furthercomprising a capillary tube nested within the downstream pressureconduit and abutting an inner surface of the downstream pressure conduitto gather moisture entering the port opening.
 17. An air data probe asrecited in claim 11, wherein the chamber inlet includes an elongatedcross-sectional shape.
 18. An air data probe as recited in claim 11,further comprising a thermocouple having a sense end in the forward tipto measure the temperature in the forward tip.
 19. An air data probe asrecited in claim 18, wherein the sense end of the thermocouple is heldby the bulkhead.
 20. An air data probe as recited in claim 18, furthercomprising a strut extending from the aft base of the probe head,wherein the thermocouple extends from the forward tip of the probe headto a base of the strut and terminates in a thermocouple connector. 21.An air data probe as recited in claim 18, further comprising a heatercoil positioned within the probe head, wherein the thermocouple includesa thermocouple coil, wherein windings of the thermocouple coil are woundbetween windings of the heater coil.
 22. A method of assembling heaterand thermocouple coils for an air data probe, the method comprising:winding a heater line around a first mandrel to form a wound heatercoil; removing the first mandrel from the wound heater coil; inserting asecond mandrel within the wound heater coil, wherein the second mandrelincludes guides for positioning the wound heater coil; winding athermocouple around the second mandrel between coils of the wound heatercoil to form a wound thermocouple coil; and removing the second mandrelfrom the wound heater coil and the would thermocouple coil.